The frequency of respiratory care among neonates who had perinatal exposure to Sars-COV-2 at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan 2020-2022 (preprint)

Background A significant heterogeneity of the complications is evident among neonates who had perinatal exposure to Sars-COV-2 in different countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of respiratory care among neonates who had perinatal exposure to Sars-COV-2 at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan 2020–2022Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 infants who had prenatal exposure to Sars-COV-2 at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan from the beginning of from April 2020 to the end of March 2022. The data was collected using a researcher-made checklist and analyzed using descriptive statistics test and chi -Square test at a 95% confidence level.Results Out of 78 eligible babies the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of 9 infants (11.5%) was positive after birth. More than 60 percent of infants needed a variety of respiratory care, with the highest percentage related to using an oxygen hood. The need to get respiratory care was not significantly related to infants' test status for COVID-19 but had a significant relationship with birth weight (p = 0.016).Conclusion The results showed a high rate of respiratory care needs in infants born to mothers with known Sars-COV-2 infection. Implementation of training programs to prevent infection and access to intensive care is recommended to improve neonatal outcomes.

The prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among the Iranian population in one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 disease (preprint)

Objective   The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health among Iranians older than 15 years in 2020.Methods Data was collected through National Mental Health Survey on 24,584 Iranians older than 15 years in 2020.  were analyzed to determine the prevalence of violence and its association with mental health. Multi-stage sampling method was used, and data on demographic characteristics and domestic-social violence and mental health (GHQ-28) were collected. Data analysis was administered using descriptive statistics and chi-square test at 95% level.Results The mean age of participants was 44.18±16.4 years. The overall prevalence of domestic and social violence was 11.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Verbal violence was the most common type; 61.8% and 66.8% for domestic and social violence, respectively. A suspected case of mental disorder, female gender, being younger than 25 years, living apart together, unemployment, low education, and history of COVID-19 infection presented a significant association with domestic and social violence (p>0.05).Conclusion  In comparison to the previous study in 2015, the prevalence of violence has increased. Therefore, domestic and social violence are the social concerns of Iranian society, indicating the necessity of appropriate interventions, particularly for those suspected of mental disorders and young women with low education levels.

Developing tools for assessing intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model (preprint)

Background: The study was aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine using a health belief model. Method The study was a test and tools design study that was conducted in the period from February to March 2020. Questionnaire items were designed using text review. The sampling method was multi-stage. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis at 95% confidence level using SPSS software version 16. Results The questionnaire had an appropriate content validity and internal consistency. The 5-factor was extracted and the conceptual model had good fit indices. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.82 and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.9. Conclusion It can be concluded that the designed instrument had good validity and reliability indicators. The constructs of the health belief model well explain the determinants of the intention to receive the Covid-19 vaccine at the individual level.

The study of the intention to leave work and its relationship with job burnout among midwives: the long-lasting impacts of COVID-19 (preprint)

Background: It is important to evaluate the long-term effects of the Covid 19 epidemic on the tendency of midwives to leave their jobs. The study was aimed to examine the intention to leave work and its relationship with job burnout among midwives working at Ayatollah Mousavi hospital of Zanjan one year after the Covid-19 disease. In a descriptive-analytical study, the tendency of 88 midwives to leave their jobs was evaluated one year after the outbreak of Covid disease in 2021. The midwives were selected by convenience sampling methods. Data were collected using the Maslach burnout questionnaire and Attwood and Hinshaw tendency to leave the job. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression model with the stepwise method at 95% confidence level. Results: : The mean tendency to leave the job was 29.71 ± 6.75. Most of the midwives have a moderate level of the tendency to leave the job (47.7%). There was a significant positive correlation between all three components of burnout and the tendency to leave the job. The odds of leaving the job were 0.344 times higher in people with high emotional fatigue and 0.276 times in people with rotational shift work. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the tendency to leave the job was moderate. Given the relationship between emotional fatigue and the tendency to leave the job, planning to increase the mental strength and resilience of midwives during the epidemic of COVID-19 seems necessary.

Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Healthcare Workers in Iran: National Survey (preprint)

Background: and Aim: Acceptance of a vaccine is the most effective way to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care providers are the most determining group in danger of COVID-19 more than others. They are among the first group to uptake vaccination. This study aimed to assess the level of COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance and their determinants among Health Care Workers in Iran. Methods: : A cross‐sectional survey was carried out among 3600 Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Iran. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire by a trained team from February to March 2021. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select respondents. A Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the key determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among participants. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 3536 respondents, 2191 (62.1 %) intended to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine, only 660 (18.7 %) reported hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Only about 10% of participants said they did not trust any vaccine (domestic and foreign vaccines). Willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine is relatively high among males, doctors, and who have a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. In multivariate models, respondents who were 40-50 years (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.47–1.66), had a history of COVID-19 infection (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83–0.88), and hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection (aOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.97–2.39) were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed moderate acceptance of covid-19 vaccination in the HCWs in the Islamic Republic of Iran with less acceptance in nurses. This needs more attention and implementation of educational programs for awareness and reassurance of healthcare workers .

The Effect of Psychological Factors on the Quality of Life in Iranian Lactating Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis (preprint)

Background: breastfeeding women are susceptible to mental disorders particularly during outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. In this study we develop a conceptual model considering the interrelated role of anxiety, depression, general health, breastfeeding, education, income, and corona disease anxiety on the QoL of breastfeeding women.   Method: In a descriptive-analytical study, 279 breastfeeding women were recruited from March to April 2020. Data were collected using a socio-demographic checklist, short Form of Health Survey (SF_12), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS).Results: The overall goodness-of-fit statistics showed that the conceptual model was acceptable (GFI =0.99, RMSEA =0.06). Results showed that breast-feeding, GHQ, anxiety, depression, and education have a direct effect on women’s QoL. We found significant total mediating effects of GH and breastfeeding and moderating effects of education and income on quality of life. Income had indirectly effect on QOL through the education.Conclusion: Our results give support for a hypothetical model in which improvement in breastfeeding, anxiety, depression, general health, education, and income led to higher levels of QoL in breastfeeding women. It seems that the predictors proposed by this model are greatly important and should be considered when designing optimal psychological care interventions.